Programs in News: SBM – Urban 2.0, and AMRUT 2.0

Programs in News: PM Modi launched Swachh Bharat Mission-Urban 2.0 and AMRUT 2.0 on 1st October, 2021.

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Swachh Bharat Mission-Urban 2.0

The focus of SBM-U 2.0 in the next 5 years will be on sustaining the sanitation and solid waste management outcomes achieved and accelerate the momentum generated, thus taking Urban India to the next level of ‘Swachhata’.

Nodal Ministry: Ministry of Housing & Urban Affairs

Vision: SBM-U 2.0 envisions to make all cities ‘Garbage Free’ and ensure grey and black water (used water) management in all cities other than those covered under AMRUT, making all urban local bodies ODF+ and those with a population of less than 1 lakh as ODF++, and Water+, thereby ensuring that no untreated used water is discharged in open to pollute water bodies, thus achieving the vision of safe sanitation in urban areas.

Funding: A financial outlay of ₹1,41,600 crores has been finalized for SBM-U 2.0, including central share of ₹36,465 for the period 2021-22 to 2025-26 which is over 2.5 times the financial outlay of ₹62,009 crores in the last phase of the Mission.

Duration: It will be implemented over five years from 2021 to 2026

Mission Outcomes:

All statutory towns will become ODF+ certified (focuses on toilets with water, maintenance and hygiene)
All statutory towns with less than 1 lakh population will become ODF++ certified (focuses on toilets with sludge and septage management).
50% of all statutory towns with less than 1 lakh population will become Water+ certified (aims to sustain toilets by treating and reuse of water).
All statutory towns will be at least 3-star Garbage Free rated as per MoHUA’s Star Rating Protocol for Garbage Free cities.

Swachh Bharat Mission-Urban 2.0 Componets

Provision for migrant worker

The Mission will focus on ensuring complete access to sanitation facilities to serve additional population migrating from rural to urban areas in search of employment and better opportunities over the next 5 years.
This will be done through the construction of over 3.5 lakhs individual, community and public toilets.

Promotion of Circular Economy:

The Mission will also focus on source segregation of solid waste, utilizing the principles of 3Rs (reduce, reuse, recycle), scientific processing of all types of municipal solid waste and remediation of legacy dumpsites for effective solid waste management.
Construction & demolition waste processing facilities will be set up and mechanical sweepers will be deployed in National Clean Air Programme cities and in cities with more than 5 lakh population.
Lakshya Zero Dumpsite: Remediation of all legacy dumpsites will be another key component of the Mission.

More than 3,000 dumpsites in India need to be reclaimed or closed permanently. Unscientifically constructed landfills create irreversible damage to the environment: They generate leachates, emit greenhouse gases, pollutes groundwater, etc.

Progress under SBM-U Phase -I:

SBM-U first phase was launched on 2nd October 2014 aiming at making urban India Open Defecation Free (ODF) and achieving 100% scientific management of municipal solid waste. It lasted till October 2019.
4,324 urban local bodies have been declared Open Defecation Free, which has been made possible through the construction of more than 66 lakhs individual household toilets and over 6 lakhs community/public toilets, far exceeding the Mission’s targets.
Digital enablement such as Swachhata App, the digital grievance redressal platform introduced by MoHUA in 2016, has reinvented the way in which citizen grievance redressal is managed.
Swachh Survekshan, the world’s largest urban cleanliness survey covering over 4,000 Urban Local Bodies was initiated under SBM-Urban in 2016.

Swachh Bharat Mission-Urban 2.0 Cabinet Approval

AMRUT 2.0

Recently, the Prime Minister launched the second phase of Atal Mission for Rejuvenation and Urban Transformation (AMRUT 2.0).

It is the continuation of the AMRUT mission launched in June 2015 to ensure that every household has access to a tap with the assured supply of water and a sewerage connection.

Nodal Ministry: Ministry of Housing & Urban Affairs

Vision: AMRUT 2.0 aims to provide 100% coverage of water supply to all households in around 4,700 urban local bodies by providing about 2.68 crore tap connections and 100% coverage of sewerage and septage in 500 AMRUT cities by providing around 2.64 crore sewer/ septage connections, which will benefit more than 10.5 crore people in urban areas.

Funding: Total indicative outlay for AMRUT 2.0 is ₹ 2,99,000 crore which includes allocation for projects of ongoing AMRUT Mission to the tune of ₹ 22,000 crore for five years from FY 2021-22 to FY 2025-26. Total central share is ₹86,760 crore including ₹10,000 crore for AMRUT projects.

Funding will be done to the States and Union Territories for project implementation, Administrative & Other Expenses. Project funds will be released in three instalments of 20:40:40.

Duration: It will be implemented over five years from 2021 to 2026

Mission Outcome:

It will build upon the progress of AMRUT to address water needs, rejuvenate water bodies, better manage aquifers, reuse treated wastewater, thereby promoting a circular economy of water.
It will provide 100% coverage of sewerage and septage in 500 AMRUT cities.
Recycling and reuse of treated wastewater is expected to cater to 20% of total water needs of the cities and 40% of industrial demand. Under the Mission, fresh water bodies will be protected from getting polluted to make natural resources sustainable.
Under AMRUT 2.0, cities will submit City Water Balance Plans (CWBPs) online on a robust Mission portal of MoHUA. CWBPs will give the status of water availability, water demand and supply in the city culminating in gaps in services
With target of filling theses gaps projects will be formulated in from of City Water Action Plan. These plans will be aggregated at State level in form of State Water Action Plan (SWAP).
Under the gig economy model Mission will co-opt women and youth for concurrent feedbacks about its progress.
Pey Jal Survekshan will be conducted in cities to ascertain equitable distribution of water, reuse of wastewater and mapping of water bodies.